Semiconductor device and manufacturing method of semiconductor device

ABSTRACT

A semiconductor device includes a well structure having a well dopant, a gate stack structure including first, second, and third stack structures stacked over the well structure, and a channel pattern penetrating the gate stack structure. A sidewall of the gate stack structure is formed with a groove in its sidewall between the first stack structure and the third stack structure such that the first stack structure and the third stack structure protrude farther than the second stack structure in a direction perpendicular to a stacking direction. The channel pattern extends along a surface of a horizontal space between the well structure and the gate stack structure. The semiconductor device further includes a memory pattern extending along an outer wall of the channel pattern, a spacer insulating pattern formed on the sidewall of the gate stack structure, and a doped semiconductor pattern formed on the spacer insulating pattern.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a) to Korean patent application number 10-2018-0053866 filed on May 10, 2018 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND 1. Technical Field

The present disclosure may generally relate to a semiconductor device and a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device, and more particularly, to a three-dimensional semiconductor device and a manufacturing method of a three-dimensional semiconductor device.

2. Related Art

A semiconductor device includes a plurality of memory cells capable of storing data. For improving the degree of integration for the semiconductor device, various techniques for reducing the area occupied by the memory cells have been developed. In order to reduce the area occupied by memory cells, each of the memory cells may be finely patterned. However, there is a limitation to how finely the memory cells can be patterned. In order to overcome this limitation, various techniques for three-dimensionally arranging memory cells in a limited area have been developed.

SUMMARY

In accordance with an embodiment, a semiconductor device includes a well structure including a well dopant and a gate stack structure including a first stack structure, a second stack structure, and a third stack structure. The first, second, and third stack structures are continuously stacked in a first direction over the well structure. The gate stack structure includes a groove formed in its sidewall, the groove defined between the first stack structure and the third stack structure, wherein the first stack structure and the third stack structure protrude farther than the second stack structure in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The semiconductor device also includes a channel pattern penetrating the gate stack structure, the channel pattern extending along a surface of a horizontal space between the well structure and the gate stack structure. The semiconductor device also includes a memory pattern extending along an outer wall of the channel pattern, a spacer insulating pattern formed on the sidewall of the gate stack structure, and a doped semiconductor pattern formed on the spacer insulating pattern. The doped semiconductor pattern includes a source dopant and extends toward the horizontal space to contact the channel pattern.

In accordance with another embodiment, a semiconductor device includes supports penetrating a well structure. The supports extend farther in a first direction than the well structure. The semiconductor device also includes first and second gate stack structures disposed on the supports, a doped semiconductor pattern disposed between the first gate stack structure and the second gate stack structure, a first channel pattern penetrating the first gate stack structure, a second channel pattern penetrating the second gate stack structure, a first memory pattern extending along an outer wall of the first channel pattern, and a second memory pattern extending along an outer wall of the second channel pattern. The doped semiconductor pattern includes a vertical part extending in the first direction and horizontal protrusion parts protruding toward a sidewall of the first gate stack structure and a sidewall of the second gate stack structure from both sides of the vertical part. The first channel pattern extends along a bottom surface of the first gate stack structure to be in contact with the doped semiconductor pattern, the first channel pattern extending along sidewalls of the supports and a portion of an upper surface of the well structure under the first gate stack structure. The second channel pattern extends along a bottom surface of the second gate stack structure to be in contact with the doped semiconductor pattern, the second channel pattern extending along sidewalls of the supports and a portion the upper surface of the well structure under the second gate stack structure.

In accordance with an embodiment, a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, includes: forming a well structure; forming supports penetrating the well structure, the supports extending in an upper direction from the well structure; forming a first stack structure on the supports; forming a second stack structure on the first stack structure, the second stack structure being penetrated by an etch stop pattern; forming a third stack structure extending to cover the etch stop pattern on the second stack structure; forming a slit penetrating the third stack structure and the etch stop pattern, the slit extending to the inside of the first stack structure; removing the etch stop pattern remaining at both sides of the slit such that an undercut region is defined between the third stack structure and the first stack structure, and a sidewall of the second stack structure is exposed; and replacing sacrificial layers of each of the first to third stack structures with conductive patterns through the slit and the undercut region.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Example embodiments are described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings represent a limited number of possible embodiments. Therefore, the provided drawings and descriptions should not be construed as precluding other possible embodiments consistent with the presented claims. Presented embodiments are described to convey the present teachings to those of skill in the art.

In the drawing figures, dimensions may be exaggerated for clarity of illustration. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “between” two elements, it may be the only element between the two elements, or one or more intervening elements may also be present. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view illustrating a semiconductor device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2A shows a perspective view illustrating a current flow in a channel pattern.

FIG. 2B shows an enlarged sectional view illustrating a capping pattern shown in FIG. 2A.

FIG. 3 shows a plan view illustrating a layout of the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of the semiconductor device taken along a line X-X′ shown in FIG. 3.

FIGS. 5A to 5D, 6A to 6D, 7A to 7G, 8A to 8E, 9A, and 9B show sectional views illustrating a manufacturing method of the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 10A, 10B, 11A, 11B, 12A, 12B, 13A, 13B, 14A, 14B, and 15A to 15C show views illustrating a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 shows a sectional view illustrating a semiconductor device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 17 shows a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a memory system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 shows a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a computing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The technical spirit of the present disclosure may be changed in various ways and may be implemented by different embodiments having various aspects. The present disclosure is described by a limited number of possible embodiments so that those of skill in the art can understand and practice the present teachings.

Although the terms “first” and/or “second” are used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. The terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element, the terms are not meant to imply a quantity or order of elements. For instance, a first element and a second element can be referred to as the second element and the first element, respectively, without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure.

When one element is referred to as being “coupled” or “connected” to another element, the one element can be directly coupled or connected to the other element or intervening elements may be present between the “coupled” or “connected” elements. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly coupled” or “directly connected” to another element, there are no intervening elements present between the “directly coupled” or “directly connected” elements. Other expressions that explain a relationship between elements, such as “between,” “directly between,” “adjacent to,” or “directly adjacent to,” should be construed in a similar way.

Terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to be limiting with respect to those embodiments. In the present disclosure, singular forms are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprise,” “include,” “have,” etc., when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or combinations thereof but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more additional features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or combinations thereof.

In the drawings, the size and relative sizes of layers and areas may be exaggerated for clarity. The drawings are not drawn to scale. In the description of the present disclosure, a number of obvious configurations in light of this disclosure are omitted from the detailed description but not precluded from the present teachings.

Presented embodiments relate to a semiconductor device and a manufacturing method of the semiconductor device, which can improve the degree of integration for memory cells of the semiconductor device, enhance the operational reliability of the semiconductor device, and aid in the stability of manufacturing processes for the semiconductor device.

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view illustrating a semiconductor device 100 according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. For convenience of description, not all components are illustrated.

Referring to FIG. 1, the semiconductor device 100 may include a well structure WE including a well dopant, gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 spaced apart from the well structure WE in a first direction I, spacer insulating patterns IS disposed on sidewalls of the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2, a source contact structure SCL formed between adjacent spacer insulating patterns IS, a well contact structure WCL that is aligned under the source contact structure SCL and is connected to the well structure WE, an inter-well-source insulating layer SWI insulating between the well contact structure WCL and the source contact structure SCL, channel patterns CH1 and CH2 electrically connected to the source contact structure SCL and the well structure WE, and memory patterns ML1 and ML2 respectively surrounding outer walls of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2.

The well structure WE may include a doped semiconductor layer including a well dopant. The well dopant may be a p-type dopant. The well dopant may be dispersed at a high concentration when becoming distant from the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 in the well structure WE. For example, the well structure WE may be formed in a structure in which a first doped semiconductor layer D1A including the well dopant at a first concentration and a second doped semiconductor layer D1B including the well dopant at a second concentration are stacked. The first concentration is higher than the second concentration. Each of the first doped semiconductor layer D1A and the second doped semiconductor layer D1B may be a doped silicon layer. Although not shown in the drawings, a substrate including a driving circuit may be disposed under the well structure WE. The well structure WE may be disposed to overlap with the driving circuit.

The well structure WE may be covered with a buffer layer BU. The buffer layer BU may be formed to prevent the well dopant from diffusing toward the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 from the well structure WE. The buffer layer BU may include an oxide layer.

The gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 are disposed over the well structure such that the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 are spaced apart from the well structure WE. A space between the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 and the well structure WE is defined as a horizontal space HSP. A gap of the horizontal space HSP is maintained by supports IP shown in FIGS. 2A and 3. The supports IP penetrate the well structure WE and protrude farther toward the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 than the well structure WE. The structure and layout of the supports IP are described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 2A and 3.

The gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 are disposed over the well structure WE to be spaced apart from each other in a second direction II. The second direction II may be a direction normally intersecting the first direction I. Although a case where two gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 are disposed is illustrated in the drawings, three or more gate stack structures may be spaced apart from each other along the second direction II. Each of the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 includes a first stack structure ST1, a second stack structure ST2, and a third stack structure ST3, which are continuously stacked along the first direction I.

The first stack structure ST1 may include at least one pair of a first conductive pattern CP1 and a first interlayer insulating layer ILD1, which are alternately stacked in the first direction I. For example, the first stack structure ST1 may include a pair of a first conductive pattern CP1 and a first interlayer insulating layer ILD1. The first conductive pattern CP1 is disposed in the lowermost layer of the first stack structure ST1.

The second stack structure ST2 may include at least one second conductive pattern CP2 and at least one second interlayer insulating layer ILD2. For example, the second stack structure ST2 may include a plurality of second conductive patterns CP2 and a plurality of second interlayer insulating layers ILD2. The second conductive patterns CP2 and the second interlayer insulating layers ILD2 are alternately stacked in the first direction I. The number of stacked second conductive patterns CP2 and second interlayer insulating layers ILD2, which constitute the second stack structure ST2, may vary with embodiment depending on the thickness of an etch stop pattern used in a manufacturing process for the semiconductor device 100.

The third stack structure ST3 may include at least one third conductive pattern CP3 and at least one third interlayer insulating layer ILD3. For example, the third stack structure ST3 may include a plurality of third conductive patterns CP3 and a plurality of third interlayer insulating layers ILD3. The third conductive patterns CP3 and the third interlayer insulating layers ILD3 are alternately stacked in the first direction I. The number of stacked third conductive patterns CP3 and third interlayer insulating layers ILD3, which constitute the third stack structure ST3, may vary with embodiment depending on the stacking number of memory cells and select transistors, which constitute the semiconductor device 100. The uppermost layer among the third interlayer insulating layers ILD3 is disposed in the uppermost layer of the third stack structure ST3. At least the uppermost layer among the third conductive patterns CP3 may be penetrated by a select line separating structure DS.

The first to third conductive patterns CP1 to CP3 may be formed of the same conductive material. The first to third conductive patterns CP1 to CP3 may include at least one of a doped silicon layer, a metal layer, and a metal silicide layer. For example, the first to third conductive patterns CP1 to CP3 may include tungsten having a low resistance.

The first to third conductive patterns CP1 to CP3 are used as gate lines SSL, WL, and DSL. The gate lines SSL, WL, and DSL may include a source select line SSL, word lines WL, and a drain select line DSL. The source select line SSL is connected to a gate electrode of a source select transistor, the word lines WL are connected to gate electrodes of memory cells, and the drain select line DSL is connected to a gate electrode of a drain select transistor.

A first conductive pattern CP1 in the lowermost layer adjacent to the well structure WE among the first and second conductive patterns CP1 and CP2 may be used as the source select line SSL. Alternatively, each of two or more patterns continuously disposed in the upper direction (+I direction) from the lowermost layer adjacent to the well structure WE among the first and second conductive patterns CP1 and CP2 may be used as the source select line SSL. For example, a pattern in the lowermost layer among the second conductive patterns CP2 may be used as the source select line SSL.

A pattern in the uppermost layer disposed most distant from the well structure WE among the third conductive patterns CP3 may be used as the drain select line DSL. Alternatively, each of two or more patterns continuously disposed in the lower direction (−I direction) from the uppermost pattern among the third conductive patterns CP3 may be used as the drain select line DSL. For example, each of the uppermost patterns among the third conductive patterns CP3 and a pattern disposed under the uppermost pattern among the third conductive patterns CP3 may be used as the drain select line DSL.

The other conductive patterns CP2 and CP3 disposed between the drain select line DSL and the source select line SSL are used as word lines WL.

The select line separating structure DS may extend along the first direction I to penetrate the third conductive patterns CP3 used as the drain select lines DSL. The select line separating structure DS is formed of an insulating material. The depth of the select line separating structure DS may be controlled so as not to penetrate the word lines WL and the source select line SSL.

The first to third interlayer insulating layers ILD1 to ILD3 may be formed of an insulating material such as oxide layers.

A bottom surface of each of the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 may be protected by a protective layer PL. The protective layer PL extends along the bottom surface of each of the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2, and may be formed of an oxide layer.

The gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 may be covered with upper insulating layers UI1 and UI2. The upper insulating layers may include a first upper insulating layer UI1 and a second upper insulating layer UI2 disposed on the first upper insulating layer UI1. Each of the first upper insulating layer UI1 and the second upper insulating layer UI2 may be formed of an insulating material such as an oxide layer.

A plurality of bit lines BL may be disposed on the second upper insulating layer UI2. Each of the bit lines BL for transferring an electrical signal may extend in a horizontal direction vertically intersecting the first direction I. For example, each of the bit lines BL may extend along the second direction II. The layout of the bit lines BL may vary depending on design. As shown in FIG. 2A, each of the bit lines BL is connected to a pillar part PP corresponding thereto. The pillar part PP is surrounded by a gate stack structure corresponding thereto among the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2. The pillar part PP is described in detail below with reference to FIG. 2A. The bit lines BL are electrically insulated from the source contact structure SCL by the second upper insulating layer UI2.

The spacer insulating patterns IS are formed on both sidewalls of each of the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2. The spacer insulating patterns IS insulate between the source contact structure SCL and the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2. The spacer insulating patterns IS may be formed of oxide layers.

The source contact structure SCL is formed between adjacent gate stack structures to fill in a space between spacer insulating patterns IS adjacent to each other. For example, the source contact structure SCL may be disposed between a first gate stack structure GST1 and a second gate stack structure GST1, which are opposite to each other. The source contact structure SCL is formed of a conductive material to transfer an electrical signal. The source contact structure SCL may include a source dopant. The source dopant is a dopant of a conductivity type different from that of the well dopant, and may be, for example, an n-type dopant. The source contact structure SCL may protrude farther toward the well structure WE than the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2. The source contact structure SCL extends between end portions of channel patterns CH1 and CH2 adjacent to each other. The end portions of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2 adjacent to each other are in direct contact with both sidewalls of the source contact structure SCL.

The spacer insulating patterns IS and the source contact structure SCL penetrate the first upper insulating layer UI1, and may extend toward the second upper insulating layer UI2.

The well contact structure WCL is in direct contact with the well structure WE and extends toward the source contact structure SCL. The well contact structure WCL has a sidewall in contact with a portion of each of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2. The well structure WE and the channel patterns CH1 and CH2 are electrically connected by the well contact structure WCL. The well contact structure WCL may be formed of a conductive layer. For example, the well contact structure WCL may be formed of a semiconductor layer such as a silicon layer. The well contact structure WCL may include the well dopant diffused from the well structure WE.

The inter-well-source insulating layer SWI is disposed between the well contact structure WCL and the source contact structure SCL to insulate between the well contact structure WCL and the source contact structure SCL. The inter-well-source insulating layer SWI may be formed of an insulating material such as an oxide layer.

Each of the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2, the select line separating structure DS, the spacer insulating patterns IS, the source contact structure SCL, the inter-well-source insulating layer SWI, and the well contact structure WCL may extend along the horizontal direction. For example, each of the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2, the select line separating structure DS, the spacer insulating patterns IS, the source contact structure SCL, the inter-well-source insulating layer SWI, and the well contact structure WCL may extend in a third direction III intersecting the second direction II. The third direction III may normally intersect the first direction I.

Each of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2 and the memory patterns ML1 and ML2 may include first to third parts LP1 to LP3 as shown in FIG. 2A. The first part LP1 is a part extending along an upper surface of the horizontal space HSP adjacent to the gate stack structure GST1 or GST2 corresponding thereto, and the second part LP2 is a part extending to a lower surface of the horizontal space HSP adjacent to the well structure WE. The horizontal space HSP may be filled with insulating patterns FI1 and FI2. A corresponding insulating pattern FI1 or FI2 is disposed between the first part LP1 and the second part LP2, and the first part LP1 and the second part LP2 are spaced apart from each other by the corresponding insulating pattern FI1 or FI2. The third part LP3 is a part extending along a sidewall of each of the supports IP. The first part LP1 and the second part LP2 may be connected to each other by the third part LP3.

Each of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2, as shown in FIG. 1, may include a junction JN in which the source dopant is dispersed. The junction JN is defined in each of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2 adjacent to the source contact structure SCL.

FIG. 2A shows a perspective view illustrating a current flow in a channel pattern.

Referring to FIG. 2A, the semiconductor device 100 may include supports IP supporting the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 shown in FIG. 1 to maintain the gap of the horizontal space HSP shown in FIG. 1. Although FIG. 2A illustrates one support IP, a plurality of supports IP may maintain the gap of the horizontal space HSP shown in FIG. 1. An example of the arrangement structure of the plurality of supports is described later with reference to FIG. 3. The supports IP penetrate the well structure WE and may extend in the first direction I to protrude farther in the upper direction than the well structure WE. The gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 shown in FIG. 1 are disposed on the supports IP.

Each of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2 and the memory patterns ML1 and ML2 may include pillar parts PP and first to third parts LP1 to LP3.

The pillar parts PP are parts penetrating the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 shown in FIG. 1, and extend along the first direction I. An example of the arrangement structure of the pillar parts PP is described later with reference to FIG. 3.

The first part LP1 of each of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2 and the memory patterns ML1 and ML2 is adjacent to one corresponding thereto among the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 shown in FIG. 1, and extends along the horizontal direction. The second part LP2 of each of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2 and the memory patterns ML1 and ML2 is disposed under the first part LP1, and is disposed adjacent to the well structure WE. A corresponding insulating pattern FI1 or FI2 is disposed between the first part LP1 and the second part LP2, which are opposite to each other. The second part LP2 extends along the horizontal direction. The third part LP3 of each of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2 and the memory patterns ML1 and ML2 extends along a sidewall of the supports IP, which corresponds thereto, and connects the first part LP1 and the second part LP2.

The first part LP1 extends from the pillar parts PP to connect the pillar parts PP to each other. The third part LP3 is disposed between a corresponding insulating pattern FI1 or FI2 and the supports IP, and extends toward the second part LP2 from the first part LP1.

According to the above-described structure, each of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2 is formed as an integrated pattern including the first to third parts LP1 to LP3. Each of the pillar parts PP may be connected to a bit line BL corresponding thereto via a bit line contact plug BCT. Although FIG. 2A illustrates one bit line BL, the semiconductor device 100 may include a plurality of bit lines, and the layout of the bit lines may be variously designed. The bit line contact plug BCT penetrates the upper insulating layers UI1 and UI2 shown in FIG. 1.

Each of the memory patterns ML1 and ML2, which includes a plurality of pillar parts PP and first to third parts LP1 to LP3, may include a tunnel insulating layer TI, a data storage layer DL, and a first blocking insulating layer BI1. Each of the tunnel insulating layer TI, the data storage layer DL, and the first blocking insulating layer BI1 are included in the plurality of pillar parts PP and the first to third parts LP1 to LP3.

The tunnel insulating layer TI surrounds each of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2. The first blocking insulating layer BI1 surrounds each of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2 with the tunnel insulating layer TI interposed therebetween. The data storage layer DL is disposed between the tunnel insulating layer TI and the first blocking insulating layer BI1. The data storage layer DL may store data changed using Fowler-Nordheim tunneling caused by a difference in voltage between the channel patterns CH1 and CH2 and the word line WL shown in FIG. 1. To this end, the data storage layer DL may be formed of various materials. For example, the data storage layer DL may be formed of a nitride layer in which charges can be trapped. In addition, the data storage layer DL may include silicon, a phase change material, nanodots, and the like. The first blocking insulating layer BI1 may include an oxide layer capable of blocking charges. The tunnel insulating layer TI may include a silicon oxide layer.

The insulating patterns FI1 and FI2 penetrate the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 shown in FIG. 1 and extend to the inside of the horizontal space HSP shown in FIG. 1. A portion of each of the insulating patterns FI1 and FI2 is surrounded by pillar parts PP corresponding thereto. The insulating patterns FI1 and FI2 may be formed with a height lower than that of the pillar parts PP. Capping patterns CAP surrounded by the pillar parts PP may be disposed on the insulating patterns FI1 and FI2. Each of the capping patterns CAP may be used as a drain junction.

FIG. 2B shows an enlarged sectional view illustrating the capping pattern shown in FIG. 2A.

The capping pattern CAP may include a doped semiconductor layer DSE. The capping pattern CAP may further include an upper end UCH corresponding to an upper portion of each of the pillar parts PP of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2 shown in FIG. 2A. The doped semiconductor layer DSE is surrounded by the upper end UCH. The upper end UCH and the doped semiconductor layer DSE, which constitute the capping pattern CAP, include a drain dopant. The drain dopant may be a dopant of the same conductivity type as the source dopant, and may be, for example, an n-type dopant. The doped semiconductor layer DSE may be a doped silicon layer doped with an n-type dopant.

Referring back to FIG. 2A, the source contact structure SCL shown in FIG. 1 may include a doped semiconductor pattern DSP in contact with the channel patterns CH1 and CH2. The doped semiconductor pattern DSP may include a vertical part VP extending along the first direction I and horizontal protrusion parts HP protruding from both sides of the vertical part VP. The horizontal protrusion parts HP are parts protruding toward the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 shown in FIG. 1. The vertical part VP may extend in parallel to the supports IP and may have a surface facing the supports IP. The doped semiconductor pattern DSP may be formed of a semiconductor layer including a source dopant. For example, the doped semiconductor pattern DPS may be formed of a doped silicon layer doped with an n-type dopant.

According to the above-described structure, a first current flow path Ir may be established during a read operation of the semiconductor device 100. The first current flow path Ir is formed in a selected channel pattern (e.g., CH1). In a read operation, the bit line BL may be precharged to a predetermined level. Also, in the read operation, a turn-on voltage may be applied to the drain select line DSL and the source select line SSL, which are shown in FIG. 1. Under this voltage application condition, when a voltage level applied to the word lines WL of the first gate stack structure GST shown in FIG. 1 is higher than threshold voltages of memory cells connected to the word lines WL, a channel may be formed in the selected channel pattern CH1, and a precharge level of the bit line BL may be discharged through a ground (not shown) electrically connected to the doped semiconductor pattern DPS.

A second current flow path Ie may be established during an erase operation of the semiconductor device 100. The second current flow path Ie is formed in a channel pattern (e.g., CH2) connected between the bit line BL and the well structure WE.

The inter-well-source insulating layer SWI disposed between the doped semiconductor pattern DSP and the well contact structure WCL can reduce leakage current between the doped semiconductor pattern DPS and the well contact structure WCL during an operation of the semiconductor device 100.

In the embodiment described above, the well contact structure WCL may extend in parallel to the support IP and may have a surface facing the support IP.

FIG. 3 shows a plan view illustrating a layout of the semiconductor device 100 according to an first embodiment of the present disclosure. More specifically, FIG. 3 illustrates a top-down plan view taken from above a plane defined in the I-II directions by the horizontal line A-A′ shown in FIG. 1.

Referring to FIG. 3, each of the pillar parts PP described with reference to FIG. 2A may be formed to surround the capping pattern CAP.

The pillar parts PP penetrating each of the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 may be divided into a first group GR1 and a second group GR2, which are disposed with the select line separating structure DS interposed therebetween. In order to improve the arrangement density of memory strings, the pillar parts PP of the first group GR1 and the pillar parts PP of the second group GR2 may be arranged in a zigzag pattern, as shown.

The gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 are opposite to each other in the second direction II with the source contact structure SCL interposed therebetween, and may be insulated from the source contact structure SCL by the spacer insulating patterns IS.

The semiconductor device 100 may further include a second blocking insulating layer BI2. The second blocking insulating layer BI2 may extend between each of the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 and each of the spacer insulating patterns IS.

The supports IP are disposed under the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2. The supports IP may be disposed between the pillar parts PP not to overlap with the pillar parts PP. Alternatively, the supports IP may overlap with portions of the pillar parts PP.

The supports IP may be disposed between the pillar parts PP adjacent to each other. The supports IP may be arranged in a zigzag pattern. The layout of the supports IP is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 3 and may be different for different embodiments.

The number of columns configured with the pillar parts PP of the first group GR1 penetrating each of the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 and the number of columns configured with the pillar parts PP of the second group GR2 penetrating each of the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 may be different for different embodiments.

The select line separating structure DS may overlap with dummy plugs DP. The dummy plugs DP may be arranged in a line along the direction of the select line separating structure DS. The dummy plugs DP may be formed using the same process for forming the pillar parts PP.

FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of the semiconductor device 100 taken in the I-II plane along line X-X′ shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 4 shows a sectional view obtained by cutting in the vertical direction, so as not to intersect the supports IP, the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 and illustrates a section of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2.

Referring to FIG. 4, the first to third stack structures ST1 to ST3 included in each of the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 are patterned in a structure in which a groove GV is defined in the sidewall of each of the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2. For example, the first stack structure ST1 and the third stack structure ST3 protrude farther in the second direction II of FIG. 1 than the second stack structure ST2. Accordingly, the groove GV is defined between the first stack structure ST1 and the third structure ST3.

The first and third conductive patterns CP1 and CP3 may protrude farther toward the spacer insulating patterns IS than the second conductive patterns CP2. The first and third interlayer insulating layers ILD1 and ILD3 may protrude farther toward the spacer insulating patterns IS than the second interlayer insulating layers ILD2. The second interlayer insulating layers ILD2 may protrude farther toward the spacer insulating patterns IS than the second conductive patterns CP2. The third interlayer insulating layers ILD3 may protrude farther toward the spacer insulating patterns IS than the third conductive patterns CP3. Accordingly, recesses R may be defined between protrusions P of the first to third interlayer insulating layers ILD1 to ILD3 of the first to third stack structures ST1 to ST3.

Each of the spacer insulating patterns IS may be formed to fill in the recesses R. A central region of the groove GV is filled with a doped semiconductor pattern DPS disposed between the spacer insulating patterns IS.

The doped semiconductor pattern DPS may constitute the source contact structure SCL. The source contact structure SCL may further include the doped semiconductor pattern DPS, a metal silicide layer SC, a metal layer MS, and a metal barrier layer BM.

The doped semiconductor pattern DPS is disposed between the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 adjacent to each other, and extends along the first direction I shown in FIG. 1. The horizontal protrusion part HP of the doped semiconductor pattern DPS, which is described with reference to FIG. 2A, is a part that protrudes toward the groove GV and completely fills in the central region of the groove GV. The doped semiconductor pattern DPS may extend toward the well structure WE to be in contact with the first part LP1 of each of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2. The doped semiconductor pattern DPS may extend toward the well structure WE to be in contact with sidewalls of the insulating patterns FI1 and FI2 filling in the horizontal space HSP.

The metal layer MS penetrates the first upper insulating layer UI1 and may be aligned on the doped semiconductor pattern DPS. The metal silicide layer SC is aligned between the metal layer MS and the doped semiconductor pattern DPS. The metal barrier layer BM extends along an interface between the metal silicide layer SC and the metal layer MS and an interface between the spacer insulating patterns IS and the metal layer MS. The metal silicide layer SC and the metal layer MS have a resistance lower than that of the doped semiconductor pattern DPS, and may decrease the resistance of the source contact structure SCL. The metal silicide layer SC may include tungsten silicide, nickel silicide, and the like. The metal layer MS may include tungsten and the like. The metal barrier layer BM prevents diffusion of metal, and may include a titanium nitride layer, a tungsten nitride layer, a tantalum nitride layer, and the like.

The first parts LP1 of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2 extend onto the bottom surfaces of the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 from the pillar parts PP. Each of the first parts LP1 extends onto a lower surface of a spacer insulating pattern IS corresponding thereto, and protrudes farther in the second direction II of FIG. 1 than the first stack structure ST1 to be in contact with the doped semiconductor pattern DPS. Each of the first parts LP1 has a source contact surface in contact with the doped semiconductor pattern DPS. A source dopant in the doped semiconductor pattern DPS is diffused into the first parts LP1 of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2 from the source contact surface. The junction JN that is a diffusion region of the source dopant is defined in each of the first parts LP1 of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2.

The second parts LP2 extending from the third parts LP3 of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2 described with reference to FIG. 2A are disposed on the well structure WE. Each of the second parts LP2 of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2 extends towards the well contact structure WCL to be in contact with the well contact structure WCL.

The memory patterns ML1 and ML2 extend along the outer walls of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2, respectively. Each of the memory patterns ML1 and ML2 and the channel patterns CH1 and CH2 extends along the upper surface of the well structure WE, the sidewall of the support IP shown in FIG. 2A, and the bottom surface of any one of the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2. A surface of the horizontal space HSP may be defined along the upper surface of the well structure WE, the sidewall of the support IP shown in FIG. 2A, and the bottom surface of each of the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2.

Each of the insulating patterns FI1 and FI2 has a sidewall in contact with the doped semiconductor pattern DPS, the well contact structure WCL, and the inter-well-source insulating layer SWI.

The second blocking insulating layer BI2 may be formed of an insulating material having a dielectric constant higher than that of the first blocking insulating layer BI1 of FIG. 2 included in each of the memory patterns ML1 and ML2. For example, the second blocking insulating layer BI2 may be formed of an aluminum oxide layer. The second blocking insulating layer BI2 may be formed on a sidewall of each of the first to third conductive patterns CP1 to CP3, which faces the pillar parts PP. The second blocking insulating layer BI2 may extend between the first to third conductive patterns CP1 to CP3 and the first to third interlayer insulating layers ILD1 to ILD3. The second blocking insulating layer BI2 may extend between the first conductive pattern CP1 and the protective layer PL, and extend between the spacer insulating patterns IS and the first to third interlayer insulating layers ILD1 to ILD3.

Although not shown in the drawing, a barrier layer for preventing direct contact between each of the first to third conductive patterns CP1 to CP3 and the second blocking insulating layer BI2 may be further formed between each of the first to third conductive patterns CP1 to CP3 and the second blocking insulating layer BI2. The barrier layer may include a titanium nitride layer, a tungsten nitride layer, a tantalum nitride layer, and the like.

According to the present disclosure, source select transistors may be defined at intersection portions of the pillar parts PP of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2 and the source select line SSL, memory cells may be defined at intersection portions of the pillar parts PP of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2 and the drain select line DSL, and drain select transistors may be defined at intersection portions of the pillar parts PP of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2 and the drain select line DSL. The memory cells are arranged along the pillar parts PP of each of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2, and are three-dimensionally arranged along the first to third directions I to III, thereby constituting a three-dimensional semiconductor device 100.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, any etch stop pattern does not remain between the source select line SSL and the junction JN, and the source select line SSL and the junction JN are disposed close to each other. Accordingly, in the present disclosure, the turn-on current of the source select transistor can be increased. Further, in the present disclosure, current loss due to remaining of an etch stop pattern is improved, so that cell current in the channel patterns CH1 and CH2 can be increased. Accordingly, the operational reliability of the semiconductor device 100 can be enhanced.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the well contact structure WCL can be easily formed by the groove GV formed in the sidewall of each of the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2, so that the level of difficulty of manufacturing processes of the semiconductor device 100 can be lowered.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, each of the channel patterns CH1 and CH2 includes the first part LP1 electrically connected to the well structure WE including the well dopant through the well contact structure WCL and the second part LP2 electrically connected to the source contact structure SCL including the source dopant. The source contact structure SCL and the well contact structure WCL are structurally separated from each other by the inter-well-source insulating layer SWI. Thus, the flow of current in a program operation and a read operation can be controlled to face the source contact structure SCL, and holes can be supplied through the well structure WE in an erase operation. Accordingly, operation characteristics of the semiconductor device 100 can be enhanced.

The inter-well-source insulating layer SWI disposed between the doped semiconductor pattern DPS of the source contact structure and the well contact structure WCL can reduce leakage current between the junction JN and the well structure WE. Accordingly, the operational reliability of the semiconductor device 100 can be enhanced.

FIGS. 5A to 5D, 6A to 6D, 7A to 7G, 8A to 8E, 9A, and 9B show sectional views illustrating a manufacturing method of the semiconductor device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. In particular, FIGS. 5A to 5D, 6A to 6D, 7A to 7G, 8A to 8E, 9A, and 9B show manufacturing process sectional views of the semiconductor device 100 taken along line Y-Y′ shown in FIG. 3.

FIGS. 5A to 5D show sectional views illustrating a process of forming a well structure, a process of forming supports, and processes of forming first to third stack structures.

Although not shown in the drawings, before the well structure is formed, driving transistors constituting a driving circuit for driving the semiconductor device 100 may be formed on a substrate (not shown). The well structure may be formed on the substrate including the driving transistors.

Referring to FIG. 5A, a well structure WE including a well dopant is formed on a substrate (not shown). The process of forming the well structure WE may include a process of forming a first doped semiconductor layer 101 including the well dopant at a first concentration and a process of forming a second doped semiconductor layer 103 including the well dopant at a second concentration lower than the first concentration. The second doped semiconductor layer 103 is formed on the first doped semiconductor layer 101. Each of the first doped semiconductor layer 101 and the second doped semiconductor layer 103 may be a doped silicon layer. The process of forming the second doped semiconductor layer 103 may include a process of forming an undoped silicon layer on the first doped semiconductor layer 101 and a process of diffusing the well dopant in the first doped semiconductor layer 101 into the undoped silicon layer through a heat treatment process.

Subsequently, a buffer layer 105 may be further formed on the well structure WE. The buffer layer 105 may be formed to prevent the well dopant from being diffused from the well structure WE. The buffer layer 105 may be formed of a material different from that of a first lower sacrificial layer 111 formed in a subsequent process. For example, the buffer layer 105 may be formed of an oxide layer.

After this, the first lower sacrificial layer 111 and a second lower sacrificial layer 113 are sequentially stacked on the buffer layer 105. The first lower sacrificial layer 111 and the second lower sacrificial layer 113 may be formed of a material having an etch rate different from those of first and second material layers 121 a and 123 a of a first stack structure PST1 to be formed in a subsequent process. The first lower sacrificial layer 111 and the second lower sacrificial layer 113 may be formed of materials different from each other. For example, the first lower sacrificial layer 111 may be formed of a silicon layer, and the second lower sacrificial layer 113 may include a metal. For one embodiment, the second lower sacrificial layer 113 may be formed of tungsten or titanium nitride (TiN).

Subsequently, supports IP may be formed, which penetrate the second lower sacrificial layer 113, the first lower sacrificial layer 111, the buffer layer 105, and the well structure WE. The supports IP are arranged to be spaced apart from each other. The process of forming of the supports IP may include a process of forming a mask pattern, using a photolithography process, a process of forming through-holes by etching the second lower sacrificial layer 113, the first lower sacrificial layer 111, the buffer layer 105, and the well structure WE through an etching process using the mask pattern as an etch barrier, a process of filling the through-holes with an insulating material, a process of planarizing a surface of the insulating material, and a process of removing the remaining mask pattern.

An oxide layer may be used as the insulating material for the supports IP. The well structure WE may be patterned in a desired pattern, using the photolithography process for forming the supports IP. Accordingly, manufacturing processes of the semiconductor device 100 can be simplified.

The supports IP protrude farther in the upper direction than the well structure WE to further penetrate the second lower sacrificial layer 113 and the first lower sacrificial layer 111, which are disposed on the well structure WE.

After this, a protective layer 115 may be further formed. The protective layer 115 is formed of a material different from those of the first lower sacrificial layer 111 and the second lower sacrificial layer 113, and may be formed of an oxide layer.

Subsequently, the first stack structure PST1 is formed on the protective layer 115. The first stack structure PST1 may include at least one pair of first and second material layers 121 a and 123 a that are alternately stacked. The first material layer 121 a may be formed of an insulating material for sacrificial layers, and the second material layer 123 a may be formed of an insulating material for interlayer insulating layers. For example, the first material layers 121 a may be formed of a silicon nitride layer, and the second material layers 123 a may be formed of a silicon oxide layer. The first material layer 121 a is disposed in the lowermost layer of the first stack structure PST1.

After this, a second stack structure PST2 is formed by alternately stacking first material layers 121 b and second material layers 123 b on the first stack structure PST1. The first material layers 121 b of the second stack structure PST2 are the same as the first material layer 121 a of the first stack structure PST1, and the second material layers 123 b of the second stack structure PST2 are the same as the second material layer 123 a of the first stack structure PST1. The lowermost and uppermost layers among the first material layers 121 b are disposed in the lowermost and uppermost layers of the second stack structure PST2. The stacking number of first material layers 121 b and second material layers 123 b, which constitute the second stack structure PST2 may be variously changed such that the thickness of the second stack structure PST2 is equal to or larger than that of an etch stop pattern that serves as an etch stop layer.

Subsequently, a planarizing protective layer 125 formed of a material different from that of the first material layers 121 b is formed on the second stack structure PST2.

Subsequently, a trench T exposing the first stack structure PST1 is formed by etching the planarizing protective layer 125 and the second stack structure PST2. The trench T may extend along the third direction shown in FIG. 1. A photography process may be used to form the trench T.

Referring to FIG. 5B, after an etch stop layer is formed such that the trench T shown in FIG. 5A is completely filled therewith, the etch stop layer is polished until the planarizing protective layer 125 is exposed. Accordingly, an etch stop pattern 127P is formed in only the trench T. The etch stop layer for the etch stop pattern 127P is formed of a material having an etch rate different from those of the material layers constituting the first and second stack structures PST1 and PST2 and material layers constituting a third stack structure PST3 to be formed in a subsequent process. For example, the etch stop layer for the etch stop pattern 127P may be formed of a silicon layer.

Referring to FIG. 5C, the planarizing protective layer 125 and the etch stop pattern 127, which are shown in FIG. 5B, may be polished such that the first material layer 121 b disposed in the uppermost layer of the second stack structure PST2 is exposed. Accordingly, the second stack PST2 penetrated by the etch stop pattern 127P is formed. According to the present disclosure, the secondary polishing process is performed in a state in which the surface roughness of the etch stop layer is reduced through the primary polishing process, so that the uppermost layer of the second stack structure PST2 is exposed. As a result, a phenomenon can be minimized, in which the thickness of the first material layer 121 b disposed in the uppermost layer of the second stack structure PST2 is lost due to the planarizing process for forming the etch stop pattern 127P.

Referring to FIG. 5D, the third stack structure PST3 extending to cover the etch stop pattern 127P is formed on the second stack structure PST2. The third stack structure PST3 is formed on the second stack structure PST2 by alternately stacking first material layers 121 c and second material layers 123 c. The first material layers 121 c of the third stack structure PST3 are the same as the first material layer 121 a of the first stack structure PST1 described with reference to FIG. 5A, and the second material layers 123 c of the third stack structure PST3 are the same as the second material layer 123 a of the first stack structure PST1 described with reference to FIG. 5A. The lowermost and uppermost layers among the second material layers 123 c may be disposed in the lowermost and uppermost layers of the third stack structure PST3. The stacking number of first material layers 121 c and the second material layers 123 c, which constitute the third stack structure PST3, may be variously changed. The second material layer 123 c disposed in the uppermost layer of the third stack structure PST3 may be formed thicker than the second material layers on the bottom thereof, and be used as a mask.

The first to third stack structures PST1 to PST3 include first regions P1. The first regions P1 are defined as regions in which the first to third stack structures PST1 to PST3 all overlap with one another. Each of the first to third stack structures PST1 to PST3 further includes a second region P2 overlapping with the etch stop pattern 127P.

FIGS. 6A to 6D show sectional views illustrating a process of opening a channel region and a process of forming a memory layer and a channel layer in the channel region.

Referring to FIG. 6A, a portion of the third stack structure PST3 may be penetrated by a select line separating structure DS. The select line separating structure DS is formed to separate drain select lines, and the depth to which the select line separating structure DS is formed may be variously changed depending on designs. The select line separating structure DS may be omitted, for some embodiments.

Subsequently, holes H are formed, which penetrate the first regions P1 of the first to third stack structures PST1 to PST3 and the protective layer 115. The second lower sacrificial layer 113 may be exposed through bottom surfaces of the holes H. The first material layers 121 a, 121 b, and 121 c and the second material layers 123 a, 123 b, and 123 c, which are described with reference to FIGS. 5A to 5D, are etched so as to form the holes H. When the second lower sacrificial layer 113 includes a metal, the width of the bottom surface of each of the holes H can be widely ensured using a different in etch rate between the second lower sacrificial layer 113 and the first material layers 121 a, 121 b, and 121 c and the second material layers 123 a, 123 b, and 123 c.

Referring to FIG. 6D, the second lower sacrificial layer 113 shown in FIG. 6A is selectively removed through the holes H. Accordingly, the first lower sacrificial layer 111 and the protective layer 115 are exposed.

Referring to FIG. 6C, the first lower sacrificial layer 111 shown in FIG. 6B is selectively removed through the holes H. Accordingly, a horizontal space HSP connected to the holes H is opened. The horizontal space HSP and the holes H are connected to each other to define a channel region CA. While the first lower sacrificial layer 111 is being removed, the first material layer 121 a disposed in the lowermost layer may be protected without being lost by the protective layer 115. Gap of the horizontal space HSP may be maintained by the supports IP. A sidewall of each of the supports IP may be exposed by the horizontal space HSP.

Referring to FIG. 6D, a memory layer ML is formed on a surface of the channel region CA shown in FIG. 6C. The process of forming the memory layer ML may include a process of forming a first blocking insulating layer 131, a process of forming a data storage layer 133 on the first blocking insulating layer 131, and a process of forming a tunnel insulating layer 135 on the data storage layer 133. A material of each of the first blocking insulating layer 131, the data storage layer 133, and a tunnel insulating layer 135 is the same as described with reference to FIG. 2A. Each of the first blocking insulating layer 131, the data storage layer 133, and a tunnel insulating layer 135 is conformally formed along the surface of the channel region CA.

Subsequently, a channel layer 137 is formed on a surface of the memory layer ML. The channel layer 137 is conformally formed along the surface of the channel region CA shown in FIG. 6C. The channel layer 137 may be formed of a semiconductor layer. For example, the channel layer 137 may be formed by depositing a silicon layer. The channel layer 137 may be formed as an integrated layer without any interface.

After this, a central portion of the channel region CA, which is opened without being filled with the channel layer 137, is filled with an insulating layer 139. The insulating layer 139 is formed on the channel layer 137. The process of forming the insulating layer 139 may include a process of filling the channel region CA of FIG. 6C with a material layer having liquidity and a process of curing the material layer having liquidity. Polysilazane (PSZ) may be used as the material having liquidity.

A process of recessing a portion of the insulating layer 139 may be further performed such that the height of the insulating layer 139 is lower than that of the channel layer 137. A central region of the channel layer 137 exposed on the insulating layer 139 may be filled with a doped semiconductor layer 141. The doped semiconductor layer 141 may be formed of a doped silicon layer including a drain dopant of the same conductivity type as a source dopant. For example, the doped semiconductor layer 141 may include an n-type dopant.

FIGS. 7A to 7G show sectional views illustrating a process of forming a slit and a process of forming gate stack structures.

Referring to FIG. 7A, an upper insulating layer 143 is formed on the third stack structure PST3. The upper insulating layer 143 may be formed of an oxide layer, and serve as a mask.

Subsequently, the second region P2 of the third stack structure PST3 is etched from the upper insulating layer 143, using a photolithography process. Accordingly, a first slit SI1 penetrating the third stack structure PST3 is formed. The etch stop pattern 127P has an etching resistance with respect to an etching material for etching the third stack structure PST3. Accordingly, since it is difficult to remove the etch stop pattern 127P during the etching process for forming the first slit SI1, the depth of the first slit SI1 can be easily controlled such that the first slit SI1 completely penetrates the third stack structure PST3 and does not penetrate the etch stop pattern 127P. The first slit SI1 may extend to the inside of the etch stop pattern 127P. However, the etch stop pattern 127P defines a bottom surface of the first slit SI1, and may remain.

Referring to FIG. 7B, mask patterns 145 are formed on sidewalls of the first slit SI1, which face each other. The mask patterns 145 may be formed of the same material as the first material layer 121 a of the first stack structure PST1. The process of forming the mask patterns 145 may include a process of conformally forming a mask layer along a surface of the first slit SI1 and a process of opening the bottom surface of the first slit SI1 by etching the mask layer through an etch-back process.

Subsequently, the uppermost layer 123 a of the first stack structure PST1 is exposed by etching a portion of the etch stop pattern exposed between the mask patterns 145, and a second slit SI2 connected to the first slit SI1 is formed. The etch stop pattern may be separated into first and second side patterns 127P1 and 127P2 by being penetrated by the second slit SI2.

Referring to FIG. 7C, the lowermost layer 121 a of the first stack structure PST1 is exposed by etching the first stack structure PST1 exposed between the mask patterns 145, and a third slit SI3 connected to the second slit SI2 is formed. A bottom surface of the third slit SI3 is defined by the first material layer 121 a disposed in the lowermost layer of the first stack structure PST1.

The second material layer 123 a of the first stack structure PST1, which is blocked by the mask patterns 145 and the first and second side patterns 127P1 and 127P2, may remain to protrude farther toward the third slit SI3 than the sidewall of the second stack structure PST2.

The first to third slits SI1 to SI3 formed by the processes described with reference to FIGS. 7A to 7C are connected to each other to constitute a slit. Hereinafter, the structure in which the first to third slits SI1 to SI3 are connected to each other is referred to as a slit SI.

Referring to FIG. 7D, the first and second side patterns 127P1 and 127P2 shown in FIG. 7C are selectively removed. Accordingly, the sidewall of the second stack structure PST2 is exposed, and an undercut region UC is defined between the third stack structure PST3 and the first stack structure PST1.

Referring to FIG. 7E, the first material layers 121 a to 121 c of the first to third stack structures PST1 to PST3 shown in FIG. 7D are removed. Openings OP are defined in regions in which the first material layers 121 a to 121 c of the first to third stack structures PST1 to PST3 are removed. Since the mask patterns 143 shown in FIG. 7D are formed of the same material as the first material layers 121 a to 121 c, the mask patterns 143 may be removed together with the first material layers 121 a to 121 c. When the first material layer 121 a disposed in the lowermost layer of the first stack structure PST1 shown in FIG. 7D is removed, the protective layer 115 may be exposed. The protective layer 115 protects the memory layer ML disposed on the bottom thereof from the etching process.

The second material layer 123 a disposed in the lowermost layer among the second material layers 123 a, 123 b, and 123 c may protrude farther toward the slit SI than the second material layers 123 b and 123 c disposed above thereof.

Referring to FIG. 7F, a conductive layer 153 is filled in the opening regions OP shown in FIG. 7E. Before the conductive layer 153 is formed, a second blocking insulating layer 151 may be further formed conformally along surfaces of the opening regions OP and the slit SI. The second blocking insulating layer 151 may be formed of a high dielectric insulating layer. For example, the second blocking insulating layer 151 may include an aluminum oxide layer. The aluminum oxide layer may be deposited in an amorphous state and then crystallized through a heat treatment process. The n-type dopant in the doped semiconductor layer 141 shown in FIG. 7E is diffused into an upper end of the channel layer 137 in contact with the doped semiconductor layer 141 through the heat treatment process of crystallizing the second blocking insulating layer 151. As a result, a doping region is formed in the channel layer 137. Accordingly, a capping pattern CAP including the doped semiconductor layer 141 and the doping region of the channel layer 137 is defined. The capping pattern CAP may be used as a drain junction.

The conductive layer 153 may be formed of a low-resistance metal such as tungsten so as to achieve low-resistance wiring. The low-resistance metal for the conductive layer 153 is not limited to tungsten, and may be formed of various low-resistance metals.

Referring to FIG. 7G, the conductive layer 153 shown in FIG. 7F is etched through the slit SI such that the first to third conductive patterns CP1 to CP3 can be formed. The first to third conductive patterns CP1 to CP3 are patterned not to protrude farther toward the slit SI than the second material layers 123 a to 123 c used as first to third interlayer insulating layers. A slit extension part SIE may be connected to the slit SI under the slit SI through an etching process of the conductive layer. The slit extension part SIE completely penetrates the conductive layer, and exposes the second blocking insulating layer 151 on the protective layer 115.

According to the processes described in FIGS. 7D to 7G, sacrificial layers (i.e., the first material layers) of the first to third stack structures are replaced with conductive patterns. Accordingly, gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 may be formed, in which conductive patterns and interlayer insulating layers are alternately stacked. Each of the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 may have a groove GV. The groove GV may be defined by the undercut region UC shown in FIG. 7D. The shape of a sidewall of each of the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 having the grooves GV may include protrusions and recesses as described with reference to FIG. 4.

FIG. 8A to 8E show sectional views illustrating a process of forming spacer insulating patterns, a process of a well contact structure, and a process of forming an inter-well-source insulating layer.

Referring to FIG. 8A, spacer insulating patterns 161 are formed on sidewalls of the slit SI. The spacer insulating patterns 161 may be formed on sidewalls of the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 to cover the first to third conductive patterns shown in FIG. 7G. The process of forming the spacer insulating patterns 161 may include a process of depositing an oxide layer and a process of etching the oxide layer through an etch-back process. The groove GV defined on the sidewall of each of the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 is not completely filled with the spacer insulating patterns 161, and a central region of the groove GV may be opened.

Subsequently, the second blocking insulating layer 151, the protective layer 115, the memory layer ML, and the channel layer 137, which are exposed between the spacer insulating patterns 161, are sequentially etched. Accordingly, a first trench T1 is formed, which is connected to the slit SI and extends to the inside of the insulating layer 139.

Referring to FIG. 8B, sidewall protective patterns 163 are formed, which extend toward sidewalls of the first trench T1 from the spacer insulating patterns 161. The sidewall protective patterns 163 may be formed of a material layer having an etch rate different from that of the oxide layer. For example, the sidewall protective patterns 163 may be formed of a nitride layer. The process of forming the sidewall protective patterns 163 may include a process of depositing a nitride layer and a process of etching the nitride layer through an etch-back process such that a bottom surface of the first trench T1 can be exposed.

Subsequently, a second trench T2 exposing the well structure WE is formed by etching the insulating layer, the channel layer, the memory layer, and the buffer layer 105, which are exposed between the sidewall protective patterns 163.

By the first trench T1 and the second trench T2, which are connected to the slit SI, the channel layer may be separated into channel patterns 137A and 137B, the memory layer may be separated into memory patterns ML1 and ML2, and the insulating layer may be separated into insulating patterns 139A and 139B. The second trench T2 may extend to the inside of the well structure WE.

Referring to FIG. 8C, a semiconductor layer 171 filling in the second trench T2 shown in FIG. 8B is formed. The semiconductor layer 171 is in contact with an end portion of each of the channel patterns 137A and 137B, which are exposed by the second trench T2 shown in FIG. 8B, and the well structure WE. The semiconductor layer 171 may include a silicon layer.

The semiconductor layer 171 may be formed using a selective growth process. The semiconductor layer 171 may be grown from the well structure WE exposed through the second trench T2 shown in FIG. 8B and the end portion of each of the channel patterns 137A and 137B. Alternatively, the semiconductor layer 171 may be formed using a deposition process such as a chemical vapor deposition process. According to the present disclosure, although the deposition process is used, the second trench T2 shown in FIG. 8B can be easily filled with the semiconductor layer 171 through the groove GV defined by the undercut region UC described with reference to FIG. 7D. That is, the semiconductor layer 171 formed using the deposition process can be easily deposited in the second trench T2 through the groove GV defined by the undercut region UC. In addition, the groove GV defined by the undercut region UC can prevent a phenomenon in which a central region of an upper end of the slit SI, which is disposed above the groove GV, is completely filled with the semiconductor layer 171 before the second trench T2 is completely filled with the semiconductor layer 171. According to the present disclosure, the central region of the upper end of the slit SI, which is disposed above the groove GV, is not filled with the semiconductor layer 171 but opened. According to the present disclosure, although a deposition process that can reduce cost as compared with the selective growth process is introduced, the semiconductor layer 171 can be stably formed in a desired region, so that the manufacturing cost of the semiconductor device 100 can be reduced.

Referring to FIG. 8D, the semiconductor layer opened through the slit SI is etched such that a well contact structure 171P is patterned. The well contact structure 171P remains with a height at which the well structure WE and the channel patterns 137A and 137B can be connected. The well dopant in the well structure WE may be diffused into the well contact structure 171P.

Subsequently, an inter-well-source insulating layer 179 may be formed by oxidizing an upper portion of the well contact structure 171P through the first trench T1. A portion of each of the channel patterns 137A and 137B, which is to be used as a source contact surface in a subsequent process, is not oxidized but may be protected by the sidewall protective patterns 163.

Referring to FIG. 8E, the sidewall protective patterns 163 shown in FIG. 8D are removed. Accordingly, a source contact surface SU1 of each of the channel patterns 137A and 137B and the spacer insulating patterns 161 are exposed.

FIGS. 9A and 9B show sectional views illustrating a process of forming a source contact structure.

Referring to FIG. 9A, a doped semiconductor layer 181 is formed on the inter-well-source insulating layer 179. The doped semiconductor layer 181 may be a doped silicon layer including a source dopant. The source dopant is an n-type dopant. The doped semiconductor layer 181 may be in contact with the source contact surface of each of the channel patterns 137A and 137B, and extend onto the spacer insulating patterns 161.

Referring to FIG. 9B, the doped semiconductor layer may be recessed such that a portion of the slit SI shown in FIG. 8E is opened. After this, a partial thickness of the doped semiconductor layer is silicided through a siliciding process to be changed into a metal silicide layer 183. The portion that is not changed into the metal silicide layer 183 remains as a doped semiconductor pattern 181P. Since the metal silicide layer 183 has a resistance lower than that of the doped semiconductor pattern 181P, the metal silicide layer 183 can lower the resistance of a source contact structure SCL.

The siliciding process may include a process of depositing a metal layer and an annealing process of inducing a reaction between the metal layer and the doped semiconductor layer. The source dopant in the doped semiconductor layer may be diffused into the channel patterns 137A and 137B from the source contact surface SU1 of FIG. 9A of each of the channel patterns 137A and 137B, using the annealing process performed while the siliciding process is being performed. Accordingly, a junction JN may be formed in each of the channel patterns 137A and 137B.

Various metal layers such as nickel and tungsten may be used as the metal layer for the siliciding process. The metal silicide layer 183 formed through the siliciding process may be nickel silicide, tungsten silicide, etc.

Subsequently, a metal barrier layer 185 is formed on surfaces of the spacer insulating patterns 161 and the metal silicide layer 183. After this, a process of forming a metal layer 187 on the metal barrier layer 185 may be further performed such that the slit is completely filled with the metal layer 187. The metal layer 187 may include a low-resistance metal layer such as tungsten so as to achieve a low resistance of the source contact structure SCL. The metal barrier layer 185 may include a titanium nitride layer, a tungsten nitride layer, a tantalum nitride layer, and the like so as to prevent diffusion of metal from the metal layer 187.

Subsequently, subsequent processes for forming the second upper insulating layer UI2 shown in FIG. 1 and the bit line contact plug BCT and the bit line BL, which are shown in FIG. 2A, may be performed.

FIGS. 10A, 10B, 11A, 11B, 12A, 12B, 13A, 13B, 14A, 14B, and 15A to 15C show views illustrating a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device 100 according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. FIGS. 10A, 10B, 11A, 11B, 12A, 12B, 13A, 13B, 14A, 14B, and 15A to 15C show a modification of the manufacturing process sectional views of the semiconductor device 100 taken along line Y-Y′ shown in FIG. 3. FIGS. 11B, 12B, and 14B illustrate plan views taken in the horizontal direction along lines B-B′ shown in FIGS. 11A, 12A, and 14A.

Hereinafter, descriptions of repeated manufacturing processes of the present disclosure are omitted, and only modified manufacturing processes is described in detail.

In order to form a structure shown in FIG. 10A, the processes described in FIGS. 5A to 5D, 6A to 6D, 7A to 7G, 8A and 8B may be identically performed.

Referring to FIG. 8B, the insulating patterns 139A and 139B are exposed by the second trench T2. Subsequently, portions of the insulating patterns 139A and 139B exposed by the second trench T2 shown in FIG. 8B are etched. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 10A, the horizontal space HSP between the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 and the well structure WE is opened, and an inner wall of each of the channel patterns 137A and 137B, which faces the horizontal space HSP, is exposed. The insulating patterns surrounded by pillar parts PP of the channel patterns 137A and 137B penetrating the gate stack structures GST1 and GST2 may remain as vertical insulating patterns 139AP and 139BP. A bottom surface of the vertical insulating patterns 139AP and 139BP faces the horizontal space HSP.

Referring to FIG. 10A, the tunnel insulating layer 131 and the first blocking insulating layer 135 of each of the memory patterns ML1 and ML2 and the buffer layer 105 may be etched while the portions of the insulating patterns are being removed. The tunnel insulating layer 131, the first blocking insulating layer 135, and the buffer layer 105 may be etched slower than the insulating patterns. Accordingly, gaps 270 may be defined between the channel patterns 137A and 137B and the data storage layers 133 and between the well structure WE and the data storage layers 133.

After this, a first semiconductor layer 271 is formed to fill in the gaps 270. The first semiconductor layer 271 is in contact with the end portion of each of the channel patterns 137A and 137B and the well structure WE, and extends onto the inner wall of each of the channel patterns 137A and 137B. The first semiconductor layer 271 may include a silicon layer.

The first semiconductor layer 271 may be formed using a deposition process such as a chemical vapor deposition process. A lower end portion of the slit SI may be blocked by the first semiconductor layer 271 in a state in which the central region of the horizontal space HSP and the central region of the slit SI are not completely filled with the first semiconductor layer 271. A lower end portion of the second trench T2 of FIG. 8B, which extends to the inside of the well structure WE, may be completely filled with the first semiconductor layer 271.

Referring to FIG. 10B, the first semiconductor layer 271 shown in FIG. 10A is etched such that a first semiconductor pattern 271P opened toward the slit SI is disposed in the horizontal space HSP. The first semiconductor pattern 271P remains in a state in which it is in contact with the well structure WE and the channel patterns 137A and 137B.

The first semiconductor pattern 271P extends onto bottom surfaces of the vertical insulating patterns 139AP and 139BP and the inner walls of the channel patterns 137A and 137B, which face the central region of the horizontal space HSP.

The first semiconductor pattern 271P may include a well contact structure WCL and first and second auxiliary contact structures AC1 and AC2. The well contact structure WCL is a structure filling in the lower end portion of the second trench T2 shown in FIG. 8B as a portion of the first semiconductor pattern 271P. The first and second auxiliary contact structures AC1 and AC2 are structures filling in the gaps 270 shown in FIG. 10A as portions of the first semiconductor pattern 271P. The first and second auxiliary contact structures AC1 and AC2 protrude in parallel to each other in the second direction II shown in FIG. 1 from a side portion of the well contact structure WCL. The data storage layer 133 of each of the memory patterns ML1 and ML2 has a protrusion part extending between the first and second auxiliary contact structures AC1 and AC2.

The first auxiliary contact structure AC1 extends between each of the channel patterns 137A and 137B and the data storage layer 133, and the second auxiliary contact structure AC2 extends between the well structure WE and the data storage layer 133.

Referring to FIG. 11A, a first lower insulating layer 273 is formed on the first semiconductor pattern 271P along the surface shape of the first semiconductor pattern 271P. The first lower insulating layer 273 may be formed of an oxide layer. The first lower insulating layer 273 may extend onto the sidewall protective patterns 163. The first lower insulating layer 273 is not completely filled in the horizontal space HSP and the slit SI, and an air gap may be formed in the central region of each of the horizontal space HSP and the slit SI.

FIG. 11B illustrates a plan view taken in the horizontal direction along line B-B′ shown in FIG. 11A.

Referring to FIG. 11B, each of the sidewalls of the supports IP is surrounded by the first lower insulating layer 273. One of the memory patterns ML1 and ML2, one of the channel patterns 137A and 137B, and the first semiconductor pattern 271P1 are disposed between each of the supports IP and the first lower insulating layer 273.

The supports IP may be divided into a plurality of support groups GIP1 and GIP2 by using the slit SI shown in FIG. 11A as a boundary. Each of the support groups GIP1 and GIP2 is surrounded by the first lower insulating layer 273 corresponding thereto. The first lower insulating layer 273 surrounding each of the support groups GIP1 and GIP2 fills between supports IP adjacent to each other, and may fix the first semiconductor pattern 271P such that the first semiconductor pattern 271P does not move between the supports IP. A first air gap AG1 may be formed between the supports IP constituting each of the support groups GIP1 and GIP2.

Referring to FIG. 12A, a portion of the first lower insulating layer is etched through the slit SI. Accordingly, the first lower insulating layers between the supports IP adjacent to each other remain as first lower patterns 273P. In addition, a portion of the first semiconductor pattern 271P adjacent to the slit SI is exposed.

FIG. 12B illustrates a plan view taken in the horizontal direction along line B-B′ shown in FIG. 12A.

Referring to FIG. 12B, the supports included in each of the support groups GIP1 and GIP2 may be divided into slit-side supports IP_S and the other center supports IP_C. The slit-side supports IP_S are supports adjacent to the slit SI shown in FIG. 12A.

A portion of the first semiconductor pattern 271P surrounding each of the slit-side supports IP_S may be exposed through the process described with reference to FIG. 12A. The first lower pattern 273P may remain on a sidewall of the first semiconductor pattern 271P, which faces each of the center supports IP_C.

Referring to FIG. 13A, after a second semiconductor layer is formed on the exposed partial surface of the first semiconductor pattern 271P. And then a third trench T3 is formed, which exposes the well contact structure WCL of the first semiconductor pattern 271P. The third trench T3 is formed through an etching process of the second semiconductor layer, and the second semiconductor layer may be separated into second semiconductor patterns 275A and 275B by the third trench T3. Each of the second semiconductor patterns 275A and 275B has an opening 276 facing the third trench T3.

The second semiconductor layer may include a silicon layer. The thickness of the second semiconductor patterns 275A and 275B may be controlled such that the second semiconductor patterns 275A and 275B are not completely filled in the central region of the horizontal space HSP.

Referring to FIG. 13B, a second lower insulating layer 277 is formed on surfaces of the second semiconductor patterns 275A and 275B through the slit SI. The second lower insulating layer 277 may fill in a space between the second semiconductor patterns 275A and 275B. The second lower insulating layer 277 may extend along the sidewall of the first semiconductor pattern 271P, which is adjacent to the slit SI. The second lower insulating layer 277 may be formed of an oxide layer.

Referring to FIG. 14A, the second lower insulating layer 277 shown in FIG. 13B is etched such that the well contact structure WCL of the first semiconductor pattern 271P is exposed. Accordingly, a separating trench T4 penetrating the second lower insulating layer is formed, and the second lower insulating layer is separated into second lower patterns 277P by the separating trench T4.

The second lower patterns 277P may respectively block the openings of the second semiconductor patterns 275A and 275B shown in FIG. 13A. Accordingly, a second air gap AG2 is defined in each of the second lower patterns 277P, and the second air gap AG2 may be sealed in the horizontal space.

FIG. 14B illustrates a plan view taken in the horizontal direction along line B-B′ shown in FIG. 14A.

Referring to FIG. 14B, the second air gap AG2 is defined in each of the second lower patterns 277P opposite to each other with the separating trench T4 interposed therebetween. Each of the second lower patterns 277P extends onto a sidewall of a second semiconductor pattern corresponding thereto among the second semiconductor patterns 275A and 275B. The second semiconductor patterns 275A and 275B extend along the appearance of the sidewalls of the first semiconductor patterns 271P disposed on the slit-side supports IP_S facing the separating trench T4.

After the first semiconductor pattern 271P, the second semiconductor patterns 275A and 275B, and the first and second lower patterns 273P and 277P are formed using the processes described with reference to FIGS. 10A, 10B, 11A, 12A, 13A, 13B, and 14A, a process of forming an inter-well-source insulating layer may be continuously performed.

Referring to FIG. 15A, an inter-well-source insulating layer 279 may be formed by oxidizing a portion of each of the first semiconductor pattern 271P and the second semiconductor patterns 275A and 275B. A partial thickness of each of the first semiconductor pattern 271P and the second semiconductor patterns 275A and 275B is oxidized from a surface of each of the first semiconductor pattern 271P and the second semiconductor patterns 275A and 275B, which is exposed by the separating trench T4 shown in FIG. 14A. The inter-well-source insulating layer 279 formed through the above-described process is aligned on the well contact structure WCL of the first semiconductor pattern 271P exposed between the second lower patterns 277P.

Referring to FIG. 15B, the sidewall protective patterns 163 shown in FIG. 15A are removed. Accordingly, a source contact surface SU2 of each of the channel patterns 137A and 137B and the first semiconductor pattern 271P and the spacer insulating patterns 161 are exposed.

A doped semiconductor layer 281 is formed on the inter-well-source insulating layer 279. The doped semiconductor layer 281 may be a doped silicon layer including a source dopant. The source dopant is an n-type dopant. The doped semiconductor layer 281 is in contact with the source contact surface SU2 of each of the channel patterns 137A and 137B and the first semiconductor pattern 271P, and fills in a space between the spacer insulating patterns 161.

Referring to FIG. 15C, a doped semiconductor pattern 281P, a metal silicide layer 283, a metal barrier layer 285, and a metal layer 287 may be formed by performing the same processes as described in FIG. 9B. Accordingly, a source contact structure SCL is formed.

The source dopant in the doped semiconductor layer may be diffused into the channel patterns 137A and 137B, the first semiconductor pattern 271P, and the second semiconductor patterns 275A and 275B from the source contact surface SU2 of each of the channel patterns 137A and 137B and the first semiconductor pattern 271P, which are shown in FIG. 15B, during an annealing process for forming the metal silicide layer 283 as described in FIG. 9B.

Accordingly, a junction JN may be formed in each of the channel patterns 137A and 137B, the first semiconductor pattern 271P, and the second semiconductor patterns 275A and 275B.

Subsequently, subsequent processes for forming the second upper insulating layer UI2 shown in FIG. 1 and the bit line contact plug BCT and the bit line BL, which are shown in FIG. 2A, may be performed.

FIG. 16 shows a sectional view illustrating a semiconductor device 1600 according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 16 shows a modification of a section of the semiconductor device 1600, which is taken along the line X-X′ shown in FIG. 3.

Hereinafter, characteristic components of the semiconductor device 1600 are described with reference to FIGS. 15C and 16, and descriptions of components redundant with those of the semiconductor device 100 are omitted.

Referring to FIGS. 15C and 16, the semiconductor device 1600 according to the present disclosure may include the first semiconductor pattern 271P disposed on the surface of each of the channel patterns 137A and 137B in the horizontal space HSP. The first semiconductor pattern 271P may include the well contact structure WCL and the first and second auxiliary contact structures AC1 and AC2 as described with reference to FIG. 10B. The first semiconductor pattern 271P may be conformally formed along the surface of the horizontal space HSP to open a central region of the horizontal space HSP. The first semiconductor pattern 271P may extend to be in direct contact with the sidewall of the doped semiconductor pattern 281P.

The well contact structure WCL of the first semiconductor pattern 271P is aligned under the doped semiconductor pattern 281P. The first auxiliary contact structures AC1 protrude between memory patterns ML1 and ML2 and the channel patterns 137A and 137B from the well contact structure WCL. The second auxiliary contact structures AC2 protrude between the memory patterns ML1 and ML2 and the well structure WE. Accordingly, the first semiconductor pattern 271P according to the present disclosure can increase the contact area between the channel patterns 137A and 137B and the well structure WE.

The lower insulating patterns 273P and 277P may be formed on the surface of the first semiconductor pattern 271P. The first air gap AG1 may be formed in the first lower pattern 273P among the lower insulating patterns 237P and 277P. The second air gap AG2 may be formed in the second lower pattern 277P among the lower insulating patterns 237P and 277P. The second lower pattern 277P is disposed between the first lower pattern 273P and the doped semiconductor pattern 281P. By the second lower pattern 277P, the well contact structure WCL of the first semiconductor pattern 271P may be separated from an upper end portion of the first semiconductor pattern 271P, which is in contact with the doped semiconductor pattern 281P.

A corresponding second semiconductor pattern among the second semiconductor patterns 275A and 275B may be formed on an outer wall of the second lower pattern 277P. Each of the second semiconductor patterns 275A and 275B extends between the first semiconductor pattern 271P and a second lower pattern 277P corresponding thereto. Each of the second semiconductor patterns 275A and 275B extends between a second lower pattern 277P corresponding thereto and the first lower pattern 273P facing the second lower pattern 277P.

The inter-well-source insulating layer 279 may have a U-shaped sectional structure surrounding a lower end of the doped semiconductor pattern 281P.

According to the present disclosure, memory cells are formed along the extending direction of a channel pattern penetrating stack structures, so that the degree of integration of the memory cells can be improved.

According to the present disclosure, the loss of cell current flowing through the channel pattern is prevented, so that the operational reliability of the semiconductor device 1600 can be enhanced.

According to the present disclosure, the stability of a process of forming a slit by using an etch stop pattern can be enhanced.

FIG. 17 shows a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a memory system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 17, the memory system 1100 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory device 1120 and a memory controller 1110.

The memory device 1120 may include at least one of the structures shown in FIGS. 1, 2A, 3, 4, 9B, 15C, and 16. For example, the memory device 1120 may include: a well structure including a well dopant; a gate stack structure disposed over the well structure, the gate stack structure having a groove formed in a sidewall thereof; and a channel pattern penetrating the gate stack structure, the channel pattern extending along a surface of a horizontal space between the well structure and the gate stack structure. The memory device 1120 may be a multi-chip package configured with a plurality of flash memory chips.

The memory controller 1110 is configured to control the memory device 1120, and may include a static random access memory (SRAM) 1111, a CPU 1112, a host interface 1113, an error correction code (ECC) 1114, and a memory interface 1115. The SRAM 1111 is used as an operation memory of the CPU 1112, the CPU 1112 performs overall control operations for data exchange of the memory controller 1110, and the host interface 1113 includes a data exchange protocol for a host connected with the memory system 1100. The ECC 1114 detects and corrects an error included in a data read from the memory device 1120, and the memory interface 1115 interfaces with the memory device 1120. In addition, the memory controller 1110 may further include an ROM for storing code data for interfacing with the host, and the like.

The memory system 1100 configured as described above may be a memory card or a Solid State Disk (SSD), in which the memory device 1120 is combined with the controller 1110. For example, when the memory system 1100 is an SSD, the memory controller 1100 may communicated with the outside (e.g., the host) through one among various interface protocols, such as a Universal Serial Bus (USB) protocol, a Multi-Media Card (MMC) protocol, a Peripheral Component Interconnection (PCI) protocol, a PCI-Express (PCI-E) protocol, an Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) protocol, a Serial-ATA (SATA) protocol, a Parallel-ATA (PATA) protocol, a Small Computer Small Interface (SCSI) protocol, an Enhanced Small Disk Interface (ESDI) protocol, and an Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) protocol.

FIG. 18 shows a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a computing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 18, the computing system 1200 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure may include a CPU 1220, a random access memory (RAM) 1230, a user interface 1240, a modem 1250, and a memory system 1210, which are electrically connected to a system bus 1260. When the computing system 1200 is a mobile device, a battery for supplying an operation voltage to the computing system 1200 may be further included, and an application chip set, a Camera Image Processor (CIS), a mobile D-RAM, and the like may be further included.

The memory system 1210 may include a memory device 1212 and a memory controller 1211. The memory device 1212 and the memory controller 1211 may be configured identically to those described with reference to FIG. 17.

Example embodiments have been disclosed herein, and although specific terms are employed, the terms are used and are to be interpreted in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purpose of limitation. In some instances, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art as of the filing of the present application, features, characteristics, and/or elements described in connection with a particular embodiment may be used singly or in combination with additional features, characteristics, and/or elements described in connection with other embodiments unless otherwise specifically indicated. Accordingly, it will be understood by those of skill in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as set forth in the following claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A semiconductor device comprising: a well structure including a well dopant; a gate stack structure comprising a first stack structure, a second stack structure, and a third stack structure, which are continuously stacked in a first direction over the well structure, the gate stack structure comprising a groove formed in a sidewall of the gate stack structure, wherein the groove is defined between the first stack structure and the third stack structure, and wherein the first stack structure and the third stack structure protrude farther than the second stack structure in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; a channel pattern penetrating the gate stack structure, the channel pattern extending along a surface of a horizontal space between the well structure and the gate stack structure; a memory pattern extending along an outer wall of the channel pattern; a spacer insulating pattern formed on the sidewall of the gate stack structure; and a doped semiconductor pattern formed on the spacer insulating pattern, the doped semiconductor pattern extending toward the horizontal space to contact the channel pattern, the doped semiconductor pattern comprising a source dopant.
 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first stack structure comprises at least one pair of a first conductive pattern and a first interlayer insulating layer, which are alternately stacked in the first direction, wherein the first conductive pattern is disposed in the lowermost layer of the first stack structure, wherein the second stack structure comprises at least one pair of a second conductive pattern and a second interlayer insulating layer, which are alternately stacked in the first direction, wherein the third stack structure comprises at least one pair of a third conductive pattern and a third interlayer insulating layer, which are alternately stacked in the first direction, wherein the first conductive pattern and the third conductive pattern protrude farther toward the spacer insulating pattern than the second conductive pattern, and wherein the first interlayer insulating layer and the third interlayer insulating layer protrude farther toward the spacer insulating pattern than the second interlayer insulating layer.
 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein protrusions and recesses are formed in the groove and in a sidewall of each of the first to third stack structures facing the spacer insulating pattern.
 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the channel pattern and the memory pattern protrude farther in the second direction along a lower surface of the spacer insulating pattern than the first stack structure to be in contact with the doped semiconductor pattern, wherein the channel pattern includes a junction, and wherein the junction includes the source dopant and is defined in the channel pattern from a source contact surface of the channel pattern, wherein the source contact surface is in contact with the doped semiconductor pattern.
 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the doped semiconductor pattern protrudes in the second direction toward the groove.
 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising supports penetrating the well structure, the supports extending toward the gate stack structure, wherein the channel pattern and the memory pattern extend along an upper surface of the well structure, a sidewall of each of the supports, and a bottom surface of the gate stack structure, which define the surface of the horizontal space.
 7. The semiconductor device of claim 6, further comprising: a well contact structure in contact with the well structure and overlapping with the doped semiconductor pattern, the well contact structure being in contact with a portion of the channel pattern that extends along the upper surface of the well structure; and an inter-well-source insulating layer disposed between the well contact structure and the doped semiconductor pattern, wherein each of the doped semiconductor pattern and the well contact structure includes a part extending parallel to the supports.
 8. The semiconductor device of claim 7, further comprising an insulating pattern penetrating the gate stack structure, the insulating pattern extending to the inside of the horizontal space, the insulating pattern having a sidewall in contact with the doped semiconductor pattern, the well contact structure, and the inter-well-source insulating layer, wherein the channel pattern and the memory pattern extend along an interface between the insulating pattern and each of the supports, along an interface between the insulating pattern and the well structure, and along an interface between the insulating pattern and the gate stack structure.
 9. The semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein each of the doped semiconductor pattern and the well contact structure is formed of a silicon layer.
 10. The semiconductor device of claim 7, further comprising: an insulating pattern penetrating the gate stack structure and extending to face the horizontal space; and a first semiconductor pattern extending along an inner wall of the channel pattern and a bottom surface of the insulating pattern, which face a central region of the horizontal space from the well contact structure, the first semiconductor pattern being in contact with the doped semiconductor pattern, wherein the well contact structure is a portion of the first semiconductor pattern aligned under the doped semiconductor layer, and wherein the channel pattern and the memory pattern extend between the insulating pattern and the gate stack structure, between each of the supports and the first semiconductor pattern, and between the first semiconductor pattern and the well structure.
 11. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein the inter-well-source insulating layer has a U-shaped sectional structure surrounding a lower end of the doped semiconductor pattern, and the first semiconductor pattern is in contact with a sidewall of the doped semiconductor pattern disposed between the inter-well-source insulating layer and the memory pattern.
 12. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein the first semiconductor pattern further includes first and second auxiliary contact structures protruding parallel to each other in the second direction from a side portion of the well contact structure.
 13. The semiconductor device of claim 12, wherein the memory pattern includes a tunnel insulating layer surrounding the channel pattern, a blocking insulating layer surrounding the channel pattern with the tunnel insulating layer interposed between the channel pattern and the blocking insulating layer, and a data storage layer disposed between the tunnel insulating layer and the blocking insulating layer, the data storage layer extending to a space between the first and second auxiliary contact structures, wherein the first auxiliary contact structure extends between the channel pattern and the data storage layer, and wherein the second auxiliary contact structure extends between the well structure and the data storage layer.
 14. The semiconductor device of claim 10, further comprising a lower insulating pattern formed on the first semiconductor pattern, the lower insulating pattern being filled with an air gap.
 15. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein the lower insulating pattern includes: a first pattern disposed between the supports adjacent to each other; and a second pattern disposed between a slit-side support adjacent to the doped semiconductor pattern among the supports and the doped semiconductor pattern, wherein a portion of the first semiconductor pattern, which is in contact with the doped semiconductor pattern, and the well contact structure of the first semiconductor pattern are separated by the second pattern.
 16. The semiconductor device of claim 15, further comprising a second semiconductor pattern disposed between the second pattern and the first semiconductor pattern.
 17. The semiconductor device of claim 16, further comprising a junction defined in each of the channel pattern, the first semiconductor pattern, and the second semiconductor pattern, wherein the junction is disposed adjacent to the doped semiconductor pattern and includes the source dopant.
 18. A semiconductor device comprising: supports penetrating a well structure, the supports extending farther in a first direction than the well structure; first and second gate stack structures disposed on the supports; a doped semiconductor pattern disposed between the first gate stack structure and the second gate stack structure, the doped semiconductor pattern including a vertical part extending in the first direction and horizontal protrusion parts protruding toward a sidewall of the first gate stack structure and a sidewall of the second gate stack structure from both sides of the vertical part; a first channel pattern penetrating the first gate stack structure, the first channel pattern extending along a bottom surface of the first gate stack structure to be in contact with the doped semiconductor pattern, the first channel pattern extending along sidewalls of the supports and a portion of an upper surface of the well structure under the first gate stack structure; a second channel pattern penetrating the second gate stack structure, the second channel pattern extending along a bottom surface of the second gate stack structure to be in contact with the doped semiconductor pattern, the second channel pattern extending along sidewalls of the supports and a portion of the upper surface of the well structure under the second gate stack structure; a first memory pattern extending along an outer wall of the first channel pattern; and a second memory pattern extending along an outer wall of the second channel pattern.
 19. The semiconductor device of claim 18, further comprising: a well contact structure in contact with the well structure and extending toward the doped semiconductor pattern, the well contact structure being in contact with a portion of each of the first and second channel patterns adjacent to the well structure; and an inter-well-source insulating layer disposed between the well contact structure and the doped semiconductor pattern.
 20. The semiconductor device of claim 19, further comprising: first auxiliary contact structures extending between the first memory pattern and the first channel pattern and between the second memory pattern and the second channel pattern from the well contact structure; and second auxiliary contact structures extending between the first memory pattern and the well structure and between the second memory pattern and the well structure from the well contact structure. 